“ 蜂毒”独特的物理化学药理作用

新疆乌鲁木齐市中兴医院蜂疗科刘忠玲

蜂毒的药理作用非常复杂，现已查明蜂毒对神经系统和心血管系统有强烈的影响，对机体许多方面起着重要作用。

1.蜂毒首先作用于脑干的网状结构，有兴奋效应，然后转变为皮质和皮质下区的功能抑制。

2.蜂毒主要是兴奋效应—肾上腺系统活动，使其增强，皮质醇与尿17-酮醇含量增高。

3.蜂毒能引起植物性神经系统交感神经节传导阻滞，有亲神经作用。

4.蜂毒可使中枢神*系统突触内兴奋传导阻碍，及具有中枢性烟碱型胆碱阻滞剂的许多特点，能抑制条件反射活动和增强催眠作用的能力，并有抗痉*作用。

5.蜂毒中的MCD-多肽有抗炎作用，这是由于释放组织胺及5-羟色胺所致。它的抗炎活动较氢化考的松大一百倍。

6.蜂毒中的阿多拉品，是一类新的药理学活性物质的代表，是具有肽链的天然前列腺素合成酶抑制剂，它的作用约为已知抗风湿消炎药的70倍。阿多拉品对环氧化酶的抑制作用是它的抗炎和镇痛作用的基本机制。

7.蜂毒有调节神经紧张度的作用，使大脑皮质活动正常化。

8.蜂毒能增强心肌的收缩力和增加心率，还具有抗心律不齐的特性，可用于治*心血管衰竭、心源性休克或心功能降低任何综合症。

9.蜂毒具有使血液溶血活性强化的特性，能干扰凝血化酶的形成，可以消除血栓形成，所以可用于防止动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成和栓塞。

10.蜂毒有直接扩张脑血管的作用，可以增高血钾，能影响血管活性，故能治*高血压病。

11.蜂毒通过对血浆中的考的索（cortisol）即氢化考的松、组织胺、肾上腺素，0.1mg蜂毒肽对革兰氏阳性细*的作用强度等于0.1-93单位青霉素的作用及去甲肾上腺素水平方面的影响，使循环中的考的索的水平明显提高，治*风湿病或类风湿性关节炎有明显效果。长期作用，也不*引起脑垂体和肾上腺肥大或萎缩。

12.一定量的蜂毒能使微生物无害的防卫机能和刺激抗体产生。加大蜂毒用量，则对抗体免疫有抑制作用，但均能使机体免疫机制改善。

13.蜂毒有抗菌作用，且可增加青霉素和磺胺的抗菌作用。

14.蜂毒还有抑制血小板凝集和抗炎症、抗肿瘤、抗辐射的作用。

15.蜂毒能使硬化的神经纤维软化。

与英国代表James、美国代表Ailsa、澳大利亚代表Kent及大陆台湾各方代表合影

The uniqueness effect of bee venom in physical chemistry pharmacology

Xinjiang Representative-Liu Zhongling

The pharmacology effects of bee venom are very complex, it has strong influences in nervous system and cardiovascular system. Besides it also play an important role in many aspects of the body.

First, Bee venom has the effect on brainstem reticular formation it can lead of hormesis then transform into cortex and subcortical regions suppression.

The main hormesis effect of bee venom are the adrenal system activities, which enhances and increased of the level of cortisol and urinary 17 ketoalchol.

It can blocks the conduction of sympathetic nervous system in plant and nerve function.

Bee venom inhibit the conduction of excitatory synapses in central nervous system with the features of central nicotinic cholinergic blockers. It inhibiting conditioned reflex activities and enhancing the hypnotic effect with anti-spasmodic effect.

Bee venom of MCD has the effect of anti-inflammatory due to release of serotonin and histamine. It has hundred times better-quality on anti-inflammatory compared with hydrocortisone.

Bee venom of Adolapin is the new pharmacological active substance. It contains of peptide chain of natural prostaglandin synthase inhibitors used for inflammatory and rheumatic. Adolapin has the function inhibiting of cyclooxygenase due to it has the basic mechanism of anti-inflammatory and analgesic.

Bee venom has the function of regulate the nervous tension and normalize the activities in cortical brain.

Bee venom enhanced myocardial contractibility and improved heartbeat rate with the symptom of antiarrhythmic. It used to heal cardiovascular failure, cardiogenic shock and reduced in cardiac function.

Bee venom has the symptom of strengthen blood hemolytic activity which inhibiting the formation of clotting enzyme and eliminate thrombus. Therefore it used for preventing atherosclerosis, thrombus and embolism.

Bee venom has the function of expansion of cerebral blood vessels which increases potassium level and influences vascular activity which used to heal hypertension.

Bee venom produces significant effects on healing rheumatism or rheumatoid arthritis which affected the level of cortisol increased via plasma. Cortisol which is also hydrocortisone, histamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. It will not cause of the mast or atrophy of pituitary gland and adrenal in long term effect.

A little amount of bee venom will caused microorganism stimulate harmless defensive performance and antibody. When increased the usage of bee venom it will inhibit the antibody with improving the immune system.

Bee venom has the function of antibacterial, the strength of 0.1mg of bee venom peptide are greater than gram positive bacteria which equal to 0.1-93 units of penicillin and improving the function of antibacterial in penicillin and sulfa.

Bee venom has the functions of inhibits platelet aggregation, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and radiation.

Bee venom able to soften the nerve fibers.

 图为重庆蜂道养生馆